MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Abstract

The overall development in the world in the fields of computerization, electronics, and robotics has contributed to significant advancements in medicine, especially in the areas of surgery, endoscopic diagnostics, X-ray diagnostics, and more. The introduction of more modern methods has contributed to more efficient and precise work by doctors, especially surgeons, during complex and complicated surgical procedures, with the aim of safer and faster handling of complex surgeries.
That is precisely why, with new achievements in medicine, new working techniques supported by equipment and instruments have emerged on a large scale, offering doctors safer and more secure work, which for patients means faster recovery, quicker diagnostic procedures, and greater comfort.
In this context, we should also mention minimally invasive surgical treatment for cholecystectomy as a newer and more modern method compared to the classical open method. With the first attempts at using some laparoscopic instruments as diagnostic tools, from the mid-20th century until today, revolutionary discoveries have been made in endoscopic surgery using a camera, light, mono and bipolar current, ligasure, all with the aim of a more modern approach to patients' problems and their resolution.
Carl Langenbuch from Berlin performed the first cholecystectomy on a patient with biliary colic in 1882, and the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed a hundred years later, in 1986. Since then and up to the present day, other laparoscopic operations on the biliary tract have also been performed.
In the 1960s, Dr. Kurt Sem, a German doctor, had a vision for today's laparoscopic surgery and, with the resources and knowledge available at the time, began innovating endoscopic instruments for cutting, for tissue extraction, and devised a system for insufflating gas into the abdomen, aspiration, and irrigation. With further improvements, in 1982 he performed the first laparoscopic surgical operation to resolve appendicitis and is a precursor of the revolutionary laparoscopic surgery of today. In the following years, towards the end of the 1990s, the camera system with light was developed, with the advancement of video technology, specifically cameras with magnification and clearer images, which greatly aided in performing the laparoscopic operations of that time. Furthermore, with the discovery of the practical use of monopolar and bipolar current, and in more recent times the use of ligasure, every surgical operation became even safer in terms of ligating blood vessels that were not supposed to be ligated.
Laparoscopic surgical techniques are minimally invasive for the patient and align with the modern trends of European and global centers, which dictate the way of working that we also follow in our hospitals. A minimally invasive approach is a prerequisite for all types of issues related to patients' diseases of any pathology, emphasized in surgical treatment as well as in treatments that require a special approach, because this minimally invasive approach offers the greatest benefit for patients. With the introduction of laparoscopic surgery in multiple branches of medicine (general and digestive surgery, thoracic surgery, urology, gynecology, ENT, neurosurgery, etc.), this method of minimally invasive surgical procedures is applied. Minimally invasive methods have been used for a long time in our practice and are already applied in multiple branches of surgery, and all of them provide very positive results in terms of more efficient operation, faster and safer execution of the procedure, and above all an easier postoperative course for the patient with less pain and a quicker return to everyday life.