CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE-INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Keywords:
acute coronary syndrome, angina pectoris, electrocardiogram, emergency medical careAbstract
Acute coronary syndrome is a condition of myocardial ischemia, which includes acute myocardial infarction with and without ST segment elevation and unstable angina pectoris, which occurs as a result of coronary artery blockage. Early recognition of acute coronary syndrome is of particular importance because timely diagnosis has the greatest impact on the survival rate..Acute coronary syndrome includes a wide range of symptoms, the most common of which is chest pain. Chest pain typical of ACS is sudden, long lasting pain that radiates to the neck, jaw or left arm. Risk factors that lead to CAD are divided into modifying ones (arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, reduced physical activity, psychoemotional stress, etc.) and non modifiable risk factors (age, gender, family predisposition).Risk factors are conditions that dominate not only in a certain period of an individual's life, but their action begins at an early age and lead to damage to the endothelium of blood vessels.
Modern treatment of coronary artery disease aims to reduce symptoms and improve the prognosis of the disease. This is achieved through the control of risk factors, including behavior and lifestyle, as well as the application of appropriate medications and interventions. Changing lifestyle and controlling risk factors are very important measures in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.Cardiac biomarkers along with clinical assessment and 12 channel ECG complement each other in diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with suspected CAD. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world, including in Macedonia. According to the data of the World Health Organization, every year in the world, about 18 million people die from cardiovascular diseases, and this figure is expected to increase to 23 million.Emergency medical service is an integral part of the care of these patients. Correct triage is the first prerequisite for the smooth functioning of the emergency service. The purpose of this paper is to describe the approach of the Emergency Medical Care team to the patient with coronary artery disease and the method of treatment and transport to the hospital. The paper presents data related to patients who requested emergency medical assistance with coronary artery disease from the records of the Emergency Medical Service public health institution Probishtip, in the period from 2020 to 2022. The data are presented tabularly and graphically. The fast lifestyle, improper nutrition, urbanisation and industrialisation, socioeconomic living conditions lead to the biggest changes in the way of living, which contributes to a negative reflection on people's health. Early recognition of coronary artery disease during the first contact of the patient with the health worker from the emergency medical service is essential for timely diagnosis and further course of such patients.
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