DIGITAL LITERACY AS A FACTOR FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION: EVIDENCE FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Keywords:
digital literacy, social inclusion, adult learners, digital divide, digital inclusion, e-servicesAbstract
The rapid digitalization of contemporary societies has transformed access to information, education, public services, and labor markets, making digital literacy a key prerequisite for social participation. However, significant inequalities persist in individuals’ ability to use digital technologies in meaningful ways, particularly among adult learners and population groups exposed to digital exclusion. The present study examines digital literacy as a factor for social inclusion through an empirical survey conducted among 125 adult respondents. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was applied, using a structured questionnaire based on internationally recognized digital competence frameworks. Digital literacy and social inclusion were measured through composite indices capturing digital skills, access to technologies, use of online services, and perceived social connectedness. The results indicate moderate overall levels of digital literacy and social inclusion, with notable disparities across age groups and competence domains. Higher digital literacy is significantly associated with increased use of online public services, participation in online learning and employment-related activities, and stronger social connectedness. Correlation and regression analyses confirm that digital literacy is a significant predictor of social inclusion, even when controlling for age, education, and employment status. At the same time, respondents identified key barriers to digital participation, including lack of skills, fear of online risks, insufficient guidance, and financial constraints. The findings highlight that digital inclusion is a multidimensional process shaped by the interaction of skills, access, confidence, and supportive environments. The study contributes empirical evidence to ongoing debates on digital inequality and underscores the need for integrated policies combining adult education, accessible support mechanisms, and user-centered digital services to promote inclusive participation in digital societies.
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