LABOR MARKET TRENDS DUE TO DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES. COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE EU, THE BALKANS, AND ALBANIA

Abstract

In recent years, both European Union (EU) member states and non-EU countries have faced a range of challenges related to demographic changes that significantly influence labor market dynamics. Developments such as population ageing, declining birth rates, and increased population mobility have highlighted the growing need for a workforce with specific qualifications and skills. However, the approaches adopted to address these workforce needs differ considerably between EU and non-EU countries, particularly in light of recent migration trends.
This study aims to analyze the impact of main demographic changes on the labor market of EU and non-EU countries, such as Albania, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and Serbia. This analysis is based on secondary data published by statistical institutions of the countries, taking into consideration the data published by Eurostat. By analysing key demographic indicators alongside labour market data, the study seeks to identify core trends, differences, and challenges faced by the countries under consideration. Moreover, as the Western Balkan countries aspire to EU integration, it is essential to assess existing disparities and trends, as it is expected that negative phenomena such as migration levels, population ageing, and brain drain in these countries to widen after integration of these countries in the EU, associated with a rise in labor costs.
The main findings of the study lead to a different approach requested by EU and non-EU countries in dealing with demographic changes, to adequately address the pressing issues related to the completion of certain job positions, in order to have a full functioning service for society, as well as to further maintain the economic growth. Additionally, a certain pattern is noted for Balkan countries that leads to a more generalized approach when addressing demographical and labor market challenges, enabling a more structured approach towards resolving issues derived from these changes.