PLATELET- NEUTROPHIL COMPLEXES – DEFINITION, MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS (REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404625yKeywords:
Neutrophils, platelets, platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC)Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that protect the host from infection by eliminating the invading
pathogens. In recent years, neutrophils and platelets have been shown to be active not only in inflammatory
processes but also in some pathological conditions, including the development of neoplastic diseases and
thrombosis. The interaction between circulating platelets and neutrophils is characterised by the intensive exchange
of intracellular signals. Overexpression of some of these molecules has been reported, with increased leukocyte and
platelet activation as well as increased adhesion of blood cells to the vascular endothelium. Platelet-neutrophil
interactions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation and
targets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotes
thrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage.
A key step in the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) is the process of interaction between the
adhesion molecule P-selectin (CD62P) on the platelet membrane and the PSGL-1 ligand on neutrophils. The
formation of PNCs modulates a wide range of pathological conditions, including both innate and acquired immune
systems. PNCs are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, malignancies and thrombotic processes.
The formation of PNCs is associated with the initiation of a number of processes at the cellular and molecular levels.
Malignant diseases are risk factors for the occurrence of arterial, venous and microthrombosis, which are most often
associated with hypercoagulable processes that form platelet aggregates. By modulating the immune system through
direct and indirect interactions with leukocytes, platelets regulate several aspects of tumor-related pathology.This
review aims at summarizing the role of platelet-neutrophil interactions in the development and progression of cancer
and puts its focus on cancer-related alterations of platelet and leukocyte functions and their impact on cancer
pathology.
The analysis and evaluation of the levels of the circulating platelet- neutrophil complexes in blood in neoplastic
diseases can be used as potential predictors of tumor progression, metastasis and the occurrence of thrombosis.
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