FREQUENCY OF THE PHENOMENON "HYPERDONTIA" IN LATERAL MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR AREAS
Keywords:
Hyperdontia, Frequency, Premolars, Mandible, MaxillaAbstract
Supernumerary teeth are more common in the permanent dentition than in the primary dentition, may be single or multiple, unilaterally or bilaterally placed, erupted or impacted, in the upper or lower dental arch. They may be morphologically normal or abnormal in structure and characteristic. According to the specialized literature, the incidence of hyperdontia ranges between 0.1% and 6%. The majority of authors report an incidence of 0.76% to 1.84% for european population representatives. The reported incidence for Bulgaria is 1.1% in a study conducted in 2020 and 3.1% in a study conducted in 2023.
The aim of our study was to investigate the appearance and incidence of hyperdontia in the distal (lateral) maxilla and mandible regions. To accomplish it, we analyzed the records of 2676 orthodontic patients, 1705 (63.7%) female and 971 (36.3%) male.
When we evaluated the data, we found true hyperdontia in 84 patients (53 males and 31 females), representing 3.13%. The premolar group ranked third in frequency after mesiodens and incisors, totaling 19.1% of all patients with hyperdontia. The prevalence of hyperdontia in premolars in the mandible was 13.1%, while in the maxilla it was 6.0%. The molar area was the least affected by hyperdontia: mandibular, 5.0%, and maxillary, only 1.2%.The present study aims to examine the clinical manifestation and frequency of hyperdontia in the distal (lateral) maxillary and mandibular regions.
In the case of problems in the frontal segment in the presence of supernumerary teeth, the issues are detected in a relatively timely manner, as they manifest themselves as early as the eruption of the incisor tooth group. Frontal segment disorders are also associated with aesthetic changes, which is the reason patients seek orthodontic treatment early. When the lateral segments are affected, the symptomatology manifests relatively late or is detected incidentally at radiographic diagnosis in the period of late mixed and formed permanent dentition. In premolar hyperdontia, the multiple form is often seen and may affect both jaws simultaneously, but the tendency in multiple hyperdontia is to find the majority of the supernumerary teeth in the mandibular premolar region.
The time of detection of hyperdontia is variable according to the age range of the patients studied and the tooth groups involved, but is within the first two decades of life. Early detection of the problem increases the success rate of treatment.
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