CHALLENGES TO THE LABOR MARKET INTEGRATION OF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS IN BULGARIA

Abstract

This report examines the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of third-country nationals into the Bulgarian labor market. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the concepts of social integration, institutional theory, and human capital theory, which provide analytical depth and context for understanding the complex processes of integration. The report emphasizes the importance of third-country nationals in addressing labor shortages in key sectors such as construction, agriculture, services, and tourism. The main reasons for these shortages include demographic decline, the emigration of young workers to other EU countries, and the mismatch between the skills of the available workforce and labor market demands. However, the integration of third-country nationals is hindered by a range of challenges. These include complex administrative procedures for obtaining work and residence permits, difficulties in recognizing foreign qualifications and diplomas, and limited access to Bulgarian language training. Additionally, cultural differences, stereotypes, and discrimination create social barriers that hinder workplace adaptation. Despite these obstacles, third-country nationals represent a significant resource for the Bulgarian economy. They can contribute to filling labor shortages and improving the country’s competitiveness. Moreover, their inclusion in the workforce has the potential to foster innovation and cultural diversity, enriching organizational practices and enhancing productivity. By addressing the existing challenges, Bulgaria can create a more inclusive labor market that leverages the skills and potential of migrants for sustainable development. The proposed measures not only aim to improve the integration process but also ensure long-term social and economic benefits for the country. Based on the findings of studies and qualitative policy analyses carried out within the framework of the project “Current Aspects of the Integration of Workers from Non-EU Countries in Bulgaria,” funded by the Scientific Research Fund – 2024 under contract КП-06-ПН85/39 (BG-175467353-2024-11-0262), an attempt will be made to address the research questions posed. These findings will also serve as a foundation for future recommendations aimed at refining integration policies and addressing gaps in current practices. The outcomes of this research can support policymakers, employers, and civil society in building a more cohesive and equitable labor market.