WATER, ENERGY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
Keywords:
water, energy, process industries, circular economy, mathematical programmingAbstract
The introduction describes the usage of natural resources in the process industries and the various concepts to reduce the usage of resources, the need for integrating these concepts in research, and highlights the circular economy as an opportunity and a challenge for process systems engineering. The materials and methods briefly describe an optimization problem of water networks to be solved using a systematic methodology based on mathematical programming and superstructure optimization. A recently proposed mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model and a solution strategy are used to solve this problem by simultaneously and systematically exploring all water and energy/heat integration opportunities and different wastewater treatment technologies. The objective function of an optimization model is to minimize the total annualized cost and determine an optimal water network design. The model for this problem is developed and solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System. The optimal network design results show that a minimum freshwater consumption, wastewater generation, and hot utility consumption can be obtained for the considered example in this work by the proposed model, which incorporates the opportunities for wastewater reuse, and wastewater recycling, and waste heat recovery from hot wastewater streams. The application of the mathematical programming approach is very promising in solving problems related to water, energy and circular economy in the process industries. The developed optimization models are usually independent of input data and can be applied to solve various industrial problems.
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