INCIDENCE OF REFRACTIVE ANOMALIES IN STRUMICA

Abstract

Refractive errors, which refer to conditions such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia, are among the most prevalent causes of vision loss globally. These conditions, if left untreated and monitored by professionals, can lead to significant lifelong visual problems. Early detection and timely intervention are key to mitigating the long-term effects of these refractive errors, especially in young people and vulnerable demographic groups. The municipality of Strumica, located in the southeastern part of North Macedonia, represents a unique area for research into the incidence of refractive errors, given that it is an agricultural region with many settlements and varying access to healthcare services.
This study aims to assess the incidence of refractive errors in the Strumica region during 2023, through a comprehensive analysis of optometric data collected from a sample of 722 children and children undergoing the specified health examinations in primary health care facilities, ophthalmology departments, optometric offices and opticians. The research focuses on understanding the distribution of refractive errors across different groups, gender and socio-economic background, with particularities of the early identification of these anomalies. The study also investigates environmental factors and the availability of health services in shaping the incidence of these visual conditions. Epidemiological data indicate the occurrence of the incidence of refractive errors, characteristically myopia, which occurs with worrying frequency in young people. Urbanization, increased time spent in front of the screen and the increase in natural light have been identified as significant factors contributing to this condition. Research predicts that by the middle of the 21st century, myopia may affect half of the world's population, highlighting the need for urgent preventive strategies. Translated into our conditions, they indicate a pronounced prevalence of myopia in school-age children, especially in those in urban areas of Strumica. Hypertropia, on the other hand, was predominantly found in adults, especially in those over 50 years of age, indicating the production of age-related refractive errors. Astigmatism was also the most widespread, with significant variations observed between the city of Strumica and rural areas, indicating the potential impact of animals and environmental factors on visual health. It can cause visual fatigue and headaches, especially in people with high degrees of this anomaly. It is also economical to develop an analysis with the analysis of early presbyopia, which is before the age of forty. By comparing incidence rates in Strumica with global rates, this study provides valuable insights into regional variations in the prevalence of refractive errors. An optimal strategy includes regular ophthalmological and optometric examinations, early correction with glasses, contact lenses, or surgical interventions, and education on healthy visual habits. Increased awareness of these conditions and their impact on the public health burden will help improve visual outcomes and quality of life. equitable access to care for all residents of Strumica.