C-SHAPED ROOT CANALS IN MANDIBULAR MOLARS
Keywords:
еtiology, anatomy, morphology, root canal, C-shape, evaluation, diagnosticsAbstract
The anatomy and morphology of the root canal system is very complex. Many scientific and clinical studies have confirmed that the canal system is a complex network between the main canal and a multitude of lateral and accessory canals, as well as anastomoses between them.
The anatomy and morphology of root canals is a highly studied and studied topic and the anatomy and morphology of a certain group of teeth is clearly known. But there are always exceptions and we are faced with the challenge of differentiating and classifying them. One such departure from the usual framework from an anatomical and morphological aspect are the roots with a C-shaped configuration of the canal system (C-shaped).
In this paper, the etiological factors that lead to the formation of such anatomy will be described, especially the epidemiology and prevalence of canals with such morphology, the diagnosis and clinic during processing and obturation of such canals. More precisely, an overview of their classification, etiology, epidemiology, radiographic and clinical diagnosis, preparation of the canal system and obturation of the C-shaped root canal will be given.
From the same, it can be concluded that S-shaped canals are an exception to the usual anatomy of the canal system. They are present in a higher percentage in the Asian population, while in Europe they are relatively rare. They are less common in older people and no gender difference has been observed. It can also be concluded that with proper evaluation, clinical and radiographic, they can be successfully diagnosed. The specifics of processing and obturation of such canals are described in the literature, and with their strict monitoring and fulfillment, we increase the percentage of long-term favorable prognosis of the treated tooth. For the purpose of this research, 40 CBCT images were analyzed, i.e. a total of 160 mandibular molars were analyzed.
References
Alnowailaty, Y., & Alghamdi, F. (2022). The C-shaped Canal System in Mandibular Molars of a Saudi Arabian Population: Prevalence and Root Canal Configurations Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Cureus, 14(5), e25343. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25343
Aricioğlu, B., Tomrukçu, D. N., & Köse, T. E. (2021). Taurodontism and C-shaped anatomy: is there an association?. Oral radiology, 37(3), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-020-00476-5
Cheung, G.S.P., Yang, J. and Fan, B. (2007), Morphometric study of the apical anatomy of C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars. International Endodontic Journal, 40: 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01193.xendodontics.styleitaliano.org (2017)
Fan, B., Cheung, G. S., Fan, M., Gutmann, J. L., & Bian, Z. (2004). C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part I--Anatomical features. Journal of endodontics, 30(12), 899–903. https://doi.org/10.1097/01 don.0000136207.12204.e4
Fan, B., Cheung, G. S., Fan, M., Gutmann, J. L., & Fan, W. (2004). C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part II--Radiographic features. Journal of endodontics, 30(12), 904–908. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/01.don.0000136206.73115.93
Gao, Y., Fan, B., Cheung, G. S., Gutmann, J. L., & Fan, M. (2006). C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars part IV: 3-D morphological analysis and transverse measurement. Journal of endodontics, 32(11), 1062–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.05.014
Kato, A, Ziegler, A, Higuchi, N, Nakata, K, Nakamura, H, Ohno, N. (2014). Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics. International Endodontic Journal, 47, 1012– 1033.
Lakshya Rani, S., Delphine, С., Priscilla, A., (2021). C-Shaped canals from diagnosis to threatment, A review, International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR).Volume 6, Issue 4
Lambrianidis, T., Lyroudia, K., Pandelidou, O., & Nicolaou, A. (2001). Evaluation of periapical radiographs in the recognition of C-shaped mandibular second molars. International endodontic journal, 34(6), 458–462. https:// doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00417.x
Lu, T. Y., Yang, S. F., & Pai, S. F. (2006). Complicated root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar in a Chinese population using the cross section method. Journal of endodontics, 32(10), 932–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.04.008
Martins, JNR, Marques, D, Silva, EJNL, Caramês, J, Mata, A, Versiani, MA. (2019). Prevalence of C-shaped canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography– a systematic review with meta-analysis. International Endodontic Journal, 52, 1556– 1572.
Min, Y., Fan, B., Cheung, G. S., Gutmann, J. L., & Fan, M. (2006). C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars Part III: The morphology of the pulp chamber floor. Journal of endodontics, 32(12), 1155–1159. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.joen.2006.07.004
Murilo von Zuben, J., Martins, N. R., Berti, L., Cassim, I., Flynn, D., Antonio Gonzalez, J., Gu, Y., Kottoor, J., Monroe, A., Rosas Aguilar, R., Seruca Marques, M., Ginjeira, A., (2017). Worldwide Prevalence of Mandibular Second Molar C-Shaped Morphologies Evaluated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography,Journal of Endodontics,Volume 43, Issue 9, Pages 1442-1447,ISSN 0099-2399, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.016.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099239917305228
Ostevar Rad, F., Mousavi, E., Musapoor, N., Maleki, D., Khatibi, N., (2020). Prevalence of cshaped canals in anterior and posterior teeth of Iranian population using cone beam computed tomography. Avicenna J Dent Res. 12(2):58-62. doi: 10.34172/ajdr.2020.12.
Rajan, D., (2021). Incidence of C-Shaped Root Canals in Mandibular Second Molars in North Indian Population: An in-vivo study. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 8(2), 2029-2039.
Raisingani, D., Gupta, S., Mital, P., & Khullar, P. (2014). Anatomic and diagnostic challenges of C-shaped root canal system. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 7(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp- journals-10005-1230
Shemesh, A., Levin, A., Katzenell, V., Itzhak, J. B., Levinson, O., Avraham, Z., & Solomonov, M. (2017). C-shaped canals-prevalence and root canal configuration by cone beam computed tomography evaluation in first and second mandibular molars-a cross-sectional study. Clinical oral investigations, 21(6), 2039–2044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1993-y
Woelber, J. P., Bruder, M., Tennert, C., & Wrbas, K. T. (2014). Assessment of endodontic treatment of c-shaped root canals. Swiss dental journal, 124(1), 11– 15.
Qian, Y., Li, Y., Song, J., Zhang, P., & Chen, Z. (2022). Evaluation of C-shaped canals in maxillary molars in a Chinese population using CBCT. BMC medica imaging, 22(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-022-00831-4
http://endodontics.styleitaliano.org/c-shaped-canal-configuration-in-mandibularsecond-molar
