PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND NEED FOR INVESTMENTS TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION IN KAVADARCI

Abstract

Air pollution has been one of the biggest environmental and health challenges for modern urban environments, and the Republic of North Macedonia, as a transition country with specific economic and energy structures, is no exception. The city of Kavadarci, known for its wine industry, metallurgical capacities and heavy traffic, is a typical example of an environment where air quality is under constant pressure from multiple sources. Faced with this reality, citizens express increased concern for their health, environmental protection and the future of the local community. The aim of this research was to examine the public perception of air pollution, to identify the main sources of pollution, to analyze the health consequences and to determine the level of awareness and readiness of citizens for the transition to energy-efficient solutions and renewable energy sources. The research used a quantitative methodology using a structured survey conducted on 300 respondents of different ages, education, professional and socio-economic status. This approach enabled a systematic analysis of citizens’ attitudes and knowledge about pollution, as well as their willingness to invest in energy efficiency and to use state and local subsidies. The results showed that more than two-thirds of respondents perceive the air pollution situation as a serious problem, and a significant proportion of them already experience health consequences such as cough, asthma or chronic respiratory diseases. Despite the high level of concern, the research revealed that awareness of existing measures and subsidies is limited, and the use of these mechanisms is low. The main barriers relate to lack of information, administrative procedures, as well as the financial situation of households. Even among those citizens who expressed readiness for change, financial insecurity and distrust in institutions remain key factors limiting their engagement. The results further indicate that there is a strong relationship between educational level and willingness to invest in energy efficiency, which highlights the importance of education and promotion. The findings also point to the need to develop local policies that will facilitate the transition to sustainable energy, while increasing trust in institutions through transparent and accessible support programs. The conclusion of this research is that tackling air pollution cannot be achieved with technical measures alone, but requires an integrated approach that unites public awareness, education, institutional support and economic sustainability. Only through such a comprehensive approach can air pollution be reduced and a better quality of life be ensured for current and future generations in urban areas like Kavadarci.