ETHNOCENTRISM AND INTERCULTURALISM

Abstract

Ethnocentrism and interculturalism are two concepts with fundamentally different approaches to cultural differences and interethnic relations. Ethnocentrism, which involves evaluating other cultures through the prism of one's own, often leads to prejudices, stereotypes and social exclusion. In contrast, interculturalism advocates mutual respect, dialogue and integration of different cultural identities in a society. A particularly important aspect of interculturalism is its role in education. Education is one of the most important spaces where the consequences of ethnocentrism and the possibilities of interculturalism intertwine. An ethnocentric approach to education often leads to curricula, textbooks and educational practices reflecting the culture of the dominant group, while the cultural identities of minority communities remain marginalised or completely ignored. Such an approach creates a sense of exclusion among students belonging to different ethnic and cultural communities, which negatively affects their motivation, academic success and social integration. On the contrary, the intercultural approach to education emphasizes the need for teaching to be inclusive and sensitive to different cultural perspectives. It promotes the idea that school is not only an institution for the transfer of knowledge, but also a space for the development of values such as respect, tolerance, empathy and cooperation. Schools and universities are places where young people not only acquire knowledge, but also form themselves as individuals and citizens. It is through the educational process that students can develop intercultural competences that include respect, empathy, tolerance and the ability to engage in constructive dialogue. In this way, education becomes one of the most powerful instruments for overcoming ethnocentrism and building an inclusive society. Therefore, the subject of this paper is to explore the theoretical foundations of ethnocentrism and interculturalism, their significance in the contemporary social and educational context, as well as the challenges and opportunities arising from their application. Thus, the aim is to point out the necessity of developing an intercultural approach that will ensure stable social cohesion, equality and respect for all cultural identities in a democratic and pluralistic society. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of both concepts, their application in the contemporary context and especially the role of the education system in building intercultural competences. Through an analysis of the challenges and opportunities, it is concluded that interculturalism is a key approach for overcoming ethnocentrism and promoting social cohesion and equal opportunities.