PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS IN INSULIN RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT: A PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH
Keywords:
insulin resistance, physical activity, lifestyle intervention, public health, preventionAbstract
Insulin resistance represents a significant public health problem due to its increasing prevalence and central role in the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated lifestyle-related interventions, with a particular emphasis on physical activity, in the management of insulin resistance within the context of public health. The study was conducted using an interventional design, including baseline and follow-up assessment of biochemical and physiological indicators in 40 individuals with insulin resistance after the implementation of a comprehensive management programme. The results obtained indicate that the application of the programme led to a statistically significant improvement in the participants’ metabolic profile. After the intervention, fasting glucose decreased from 6.0 ± 0.6 to 5.4 ± 0.4 mmol/L, fasting insulin from 19.0 ± 7.0 to 11.0 ± 4.5 μIU/mL, and HOMA-IR from 5.0 ± 2.0 to 2.4 ± 0.9, indicating a reduction in hyperinsulinaemia and an improvement in insulin sensitivity. In addition, favourable changes were observed in the lipid profile, including reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as an increase in HDL cholesterol. The intervention also had a positive effect on anthropometric and haemodynamic indicators, expressed in a reduction in BMI and decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These results confirm the hypothesis that a comprehensive approach targeting physical activity, dietary behaviour, nutritional support, and stress management simultaneously represents an effective strategy for improving glycaemic control, reducing cardiometabolic risk, and managing insulin resistance
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