LABORATORY INDICES OF THE CAPACITY OF THE BLOOD TO TRANSPORT OXYGEN AT NORMAL AND HIGH ALTITUDE IN ATHLETES AND PEOPLE WITH HIGH LEVEL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

A large number of medical specialists, teachers, coaches and various campaigns and organizations are appealing for increased physical activity among the population, especially young people and children. The reason for this is the high growth in the development of various chronic diseases due to irrational diets and greatly reduced physical activity. Increasing physical activity and regular sports training are effective prevention and prophylaxis for these diseases and their associated medical complications. The aim of the present study is to present the importance of laboratory indices of the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen in athletes and people with high level physical activity, at normal and high altitudes. To fulfill the purpose of the study, we examined current scientific data, medical textbooks, guides for healthcare professionals, and other sources of information on indicators of the blood's capacity to carry oxygen in athletes and active sportspeople, at normal and high altitudes. We divided the obtained results into two groups indicators of the blood's capacity to carry oxygen and an increase in the blood's transport capacity during physical activity at normal and high altitudes. The number of erythrocytes increases as a result of physical activity, which is due to the inclusion in the general circulation of blood from the blood depots, where it has a higher content of blood cells. In addition, during intense physical work, blood plasma quickly passes into the intercellular spaces, the concentration of erythrocytes in the blood increases: false, or working erythrocytosis is observed. The main factor stimulating erythropoiesis is hypoxia, including staying and training at high altitudes. In the case of absolute and relative oxygen deficiency in the tissues, the hormone erythropoietin is secreted into the blood. It is synthesized in the kidneys (90%) and in the liver (10%). It reaches the red bone marrow of the flat and short tubular bones through the blood, where it stimulates the production and development of new red blood cells, which are released into the blood and increase its capacity to carry oxygen. Laboratory indicators of the blood's capacity to carry oxygen are essential for the high endurance of professional athletes and those who actively exercise for health. These include erythrocyte count, reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, Vitamin B12, folic acid, etc. Increased blood's capacity to carry oxygen leads to increased athletic performance. To enhance athletic performance in elite athletes, as well as to stimulate the population, including youth and children, to increase their physical activity, it is necessary to monitor indices characterizing the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. Staying and training at high altitudes has beneficial physiological and psychological effects, including increasing the number of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.