MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL WASTE IN DENTAL PRACTICE: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF EMPLOYEES
Keywords:
medical waste, dental practices, KAP survey, waste managementAbstract
Medical waste represents a significant challenge in waste management due to its potential danger to human health and environmental protection. In dentistry, specific categories of medical waste are generated, which include infectious waste, sharp objects, as well as waste rich in toxic heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Inadequate management of this waste can result in serious health and environmental risks for health workers, as well as the general population and the environment. Considering the importance of proper and safe management of medical waste, the aim of the research is to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practice among employees in dental offices in Canton Sarajevo, including both the public and private sectors. The research was carried out through a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, with the application of an anonymous questionnaire structured in three segments: assessment of knowledge about the generation, types and relevant legislative regulation of medical waste, evaluation of attitudes towards medical waste management, and analysis of practice in management procedures. A total of 217 health professionals of various profiles were surveyed, including doctors of dentistry, specialists, dental nurses-technicians and dental technicians, whereby 168 respondents were employed in public and 49 in private dental practices. The results indicate the fact that the average level of knowledge of the respondents, both in public health institutions and in private practices, does not meet the defined criteria for a good level of knowledge (set at 75%). However, from the aspect of the average level (defined at 56.25%), the respondents showed satisfactory results. A similar tendency was observed in the practice of medical waste management, where the results in the public sector are somewhat more favourable compared to the private sector, although without a statistically significant difference. Attitudes towards waste management were also at an average level, but do not reach the level that would indicate good practice. Respondents from the private sector showed a slightly lower level of attitudes and practices compared to employees in public institutions. The analysis of demographic data showed statistically significant differences in the age of respondents depending on the employment sector, with professionals from the private sector being younger. Based on the results, we emphasise the need for continuous professional training and education of dental workers with aim to improve their knowledge, attitudes and practice in the field of safe medical waste management. The implementation of adequate protocols and standardized procedures can significantly contribute to reducing professional risks, preventing infections, and protecting the environment. This study represents a relevant contribution to the development of medical waste management policies and strategies in dentistry, emphasizing the need for a systemic approach in protecting the health of workers, patients and the community.
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