INTERNAL CONTROL MECHANISMS WITHIN THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON CORRUPTION PREVENTION (2010–2024)

Abstract

Corruption within security institutions represents a profound challenge to the rule of law, democratic stability, and public trust, particularly in transitional contexts such as the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM). As the central authority responsible for law enforcement and public security, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MoIA) plays a critical role in preventing corruption, making the effectiveness of its internal control mechanisms essential to the promotion of institutional integrity. This study examines the period 2010 2024 through a comprehensive assessment of the MoIA’s organizational structure, legal framework, human and technical capacities, and the operational performance of the Department for Internal Control and Professional Standards (DICPS). The analysis is based on internal statistical data, official documentation, academic literature, and empirical evidence derived from employee and citizen perceptions, including surveys conducted by international organizations such as Eurothink, the OSCE, and the World Justice Project. The results reveal a measurable increase in investigative activities and disciplinary measures, indicating a gradual strengthening of internal control mechanisms. Nevertheless, limitations persist with regard to institutional independence and the protection of whistleblowers. Comparative evidence from the region, including Albania, Croatia, and Slovenia, suggests that externally independent oversight bodies, continuous professional training, and transparent reporting practices are decisive factors in enhancing public confidence and institutional effectiveness. Furthermore, the study identifies a persistent gap between the formal legal framework and its practical implementation. Political interference, resource constraints, and insecure reporting mechanisms for corruption cases continue to undermine institutional credibility. Beyond statistical and comparative analysis, the study explores the influence of high profile cases and media coverage on public perceptions of police integrity. On this basis, the paper formulates policy oriented recommendations aimed at strengthening the independence of the DICPS, expanding human and technical capacities, establishing secure and credible whistleblower protection mechanisms, institutionalizing continuous ethics and transparency training, and ensuring regular public reporting to enhance accountability and public trust.
Overall, the study provides an in depth understanding of the role of internal control mechanisms in combating corruption and fostering a culture of integrity and accountability within the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of North Macedonia. The findings offer valuable guidance for public policy development, institutional reform, and the advancement of best practices both regionally and beyond.