STUDY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING INJURIES IN GYMNASTICS

Abstract

In gymnastics, injuries represent a complex problem due to the high technical demands of the sport, substantial mechanical loads, and specific physiological characteristics of athletes. The present study aims to analyze the biomechanical and physiological factors influencing the occurrence, frequency, and nature of injuries in gymnasts. The main hypothesis of the research is that improper biomechanics during movements, combined with factors such as muscle imbalance, fatigue, insufficient flexibility, and intensive training load, significantly increases the risk of injury.
The methodology includes a systematic review of scientific literature, observation of training and competition situations, and qualitative analysis of injury data. The primary indicators examined include injury type and localization, range and speed of movements, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, and recovery capacity.
Results indicate that the most commonly affected joints are the ankles, knees, and shoulders. Key biomechanical factors contributing to injuries are improper landing techniques, asymmetrical movements, and torsional loads. Physiological factors such as muscle fatigue, imbalance, and inadequate recovery further increase the risk of injury.
The findings confirm a significant relationship between training intensity and injury frequency. The conclusions emphasize the need for an integrated injury prevention approach, including biomechanical technique control, individualized training load management, and optimization of recovery processes.
These results have practical implications for improving training methods, reducing injury risk, and effectively managing biomechanical and physiological factors in artistic gymnastics