TREATMENT AND METHOD OF TREATING IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT IN INTENSIVE CARE
Keywords:
diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, diabetic foot, amputationAbstract
Diabetes mellitus as a chronic, metabolic disease, which occurs when blood sugar is elevated, is a global threat to human health that has a tendency to increase. Diabetes is accompanied by the development of complications that disrupt the patient's comfort of life or lead to serious damage, such as damage to the eyes, kidneys and is a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations of the lower extremities. Diabetic foot is one of the possible complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot disease is any condition that is a direct result of peripheral arterial disease or sensory neuropathy that affects the feet of people living with diabetes.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the frequency, treatment and cure of patients with diagnosed diabetic foot hospitalized in the Surgical Hospital "St. Naum Ohridski" - Skopje, over a period of one year.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the PHI Surgical Hospital "St. Naum Ohridski” – Skopje, in the period between 2022-2023. The study included patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of diabetes and diabetic foot and the method of treatment received. The data obtained are systematized, presented in a table.
Results: This paper includes 96 patients treated in the PHI UC for Surgical Diseases “St. Naum Ohridski” – Skopje, in the period from January 2022 to December 2023. The patients are divided by gender, age, duration of hospital stay and type of surgical intervention. Of the total number of patients, 55 (57.3%) were treated in the vascular surgery department, and 41 (42.7%) were treated in the plastic surgery department. Patients were treated in the plastic surgery department 43% and in the vascular surgery department, 57% in approximately the same percentage of representation. The patients were aged from 30 to over 80 years, with the highest prevalence in the group 41-50 years (29.16%) and 61-70 years (26.04). According to the time period of the hospital treatment of the patients, the results showed that they were treated for a maximum of 2 months, of which 56% for up to one month, and 44% for two months. Of the admitted patients, only 5% ended up without surgical interventions, and the remaining 95% with amputations, of which 55% amputation of the toes of the foot, then 19% below the knee and 18% with above the knee amputation.
Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of timely detection and surgical intervention in the treatment of patients with gangrene and infections, which are common complications in diabetics. The most common amputations include toe and below-knee amputations, with a high rate of successful outcomes when using modern wound management methods. These results confirm the importance of an integrated team approach in the treatment of the diabetic foot, which includes vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to achieve optimal results.
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