PATIENT PREPARATION AND CHOICE OF ANESTHESIA FOR CLASSIC AND LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY

Abstract

Patient preparation and the selection of appropriate anesthesia are key segments in the surgical treatment of acute appendicitis, especially when choosing between classical and laparoscopic appendectomy. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of preoperative assessment, proper patient preparation and rational choice of anesthesia as factors that directly affect the safety of the intervention, the intraoperative course and postoperative recovery. Preparation begins with a detailed anamnesis, clinical examination and laboratory diagnostics, with special emphasis on hematological and biochemical parameters, assessment of vital functions and identification of concomitant diseases. In patients with suspected acute appendicitis, timely assessment of the general condition and the risk of complications allows for proper planning of the surgical approach. Preoperative preparation includes hydration, correction of electrolyte imbalance, antibiotic prophylaxis, preoperative fasting and psychological preparation of the patient. The role of the medical team in providing continuous monitoring and reducing preoperative stress is particularly important. The choice of anesthesia depends on age, clinical condition, degree of inflammation, presence of perforation and the chosen surgical method. In classical appendectomy, general endotracheal anesthesia is most often used, although in certain cases regional anesthesia can also be used.
Laparoscopic appendectomy is almost always performed under general anesthesia due to the need for controlled ventilation and creation of pneumoperitoneum. General anesthesia provides better relaxation, optimal conditions for surgical manipulation and greater safety in minimally invasive procedures. The correct choice of anesthetic technique contributes to stable hemodynamics, reduction of intraoperative complications and faster postoperative recovery. Modern principles of preoperative preparation and precisely selected anesthesia are the basis for safe surgical treatment and better functional outcome in patients with acute appendicitis.
This paper emphasizes the importance of systematic preoperative preparation and careful selection of anesthesia in patients with acute appendicitis. Appropriate assessment of the clinical condition and the correct anesthetic approach enable safer performance of classical and laparoscopic appendectomy. An individualized approach to preparation and anesthesia contributes to reducing complications and improving postoperative outcome