UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN INFANTS, NURSING APPROACH, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Upper respiratory infections in infants are one of the most common reasons for outpatient examinations and hospitalizations in early childhood. Due to the immaturity of the immune system, infants are particularly susceptible to viral and bacterial infections that affect the nose, throat, sinuses and upper respiratory tract. The most common causes are rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses and influenza. The clinical picture is most often manifested by elevated body temperature, nasal congestion, cough, irritability, decreased appetite and disturbed sleep. The nursing approach has a key role in the early recognition of symptoms, monitoring of vital parameters and assessment of the general condition of the infant. The nurse actively participates in providing appropriate care, maintaining airway patency, proper hydration and educating parents about home care. Special attention is paid to monitoring for signs of deterioration, such as tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and dehydration, in order to intervene promptly and prevent serious complications.
Treatment is usually symptomatic and includes antipyretics, saline nasal spray, aspiration of secretions, and ensuring adequate fluid intake. Antibiotic therapy is only used in cases of proven bacterial infection. In more severe cases, oxygen support and hospitalization are required.
Prevention plays an important role in reducing the incidence and complications of these infections. Regular hand hygiene, breastfeeding, vaccination, avoiding contact with sick people, and exposure to tobacco smoke are important preventive measures. Education of parents by medical personnel contributes to timely recognition of symptoms and proper treatment. Appropriate nursing approach, early diagnosis, and continuous prevention enable a better outcome and reduce the risk of complications in infants.
Continuous monitoring and timely intervention by the nurse significantly contribute to faster recovery and reduced need for hospitalization in infants. A multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between health care professionals and parents are essential for providing quality health care and preventing re-infections.